Why Do We Use Hydraulic Road Blockers?

 As we all know, the main purpose of the design and development of rollover road blockers is to guard and manage the entrance gates of sensitive and key units and prohibit unauthorized vehicles from forcing their way in. The hydraulic rollover roadblock machine is like a solid wall. Besides being practical, it is also very reliable and safe. ZASP presents you a guide to the use of road blockers.

Advantages

1.Fast and calm

Lifting time up to 3 seconds, far more than the same size pneumatic lifting road blocker, very valuable. Its hydraulic drive unit moves softly, no more traditional pneumatic lift road block due to the noise of air pump.

2. Control agility

The control unit adopts multi-function logic controller, which can modulate many different function modes to meet the different function needs of different users, and the movement stroke can be timed to save energy.

3. Safety and reliability

In case of emergency, such as power failure, it can be manually lowered to open the channel for stable operation. The safety factor of the road blocker is higher. Compared with other roadblock equipment, the roadblock machine can achieve forced interception through its own driving technology, and its load-bearing or anti-collision ability is very strong.

4、Economic benefits

Hydraulic road blocker has the characteristics of low maintenance cost and low failure rate. It is designed and installed with non-traditional mechanism, which is very easy to maintain.

5.Unique structure

The design of the hydraulic unit and mechanical power mechanism is the core part of the hydraulic overturning barricade machine, which can transfer mechanical energy to the hydraulic drive unit to achieve a unique boost design.

Barricade components

Road blockers play a very important role in road traffic and can be used in many special occasions. It can effectively prevent vehicles from forcibly reloading checkpoints. So what are the components of the roadblock system?
1、Host: Road blockers host consists of hydraulic cylinder, movable flap, frame, which can play the role of load balancing and buffer. The whole machine is made of steel structure, steel plate and channel steel welded together, with strong anti-collision ability and load-bearing capacity. No electrical appliances and wiring in the main machine, which can achieve waterproof effect and safe to use.
2、Hydraulic transmission station. (Hydraulic transmission station mainly through the oil tank and manual oil pump valve to change the lifting speed). In the case of power failure, you can manually lower or manually raise the baffle.
3、Electrical control system: automatic electric control part, control main board, automatic controller: including control box, remote control, manual button, controlled by the duty staff to use.

Hydraulic system

1、Road blockers’ hydraulic power system is very quiet for mechanical products. This is very difficult for many machines. Due to the noise reduction system, the decibel can be controlled within 60 decibels.
2、Small impact on the environment, to meet the growing demand for low environmental impact, creating a new low impact on the environment.
3、Low energy consumption and low cost of power supply voltage make up for the variable flow pump configuration and ensure low cost of mechanical operation. Combined with high efficiency motors, the power cost is kept absolutely low.
4、Correct oil supply, the power unit is also part of the hydraulic system to help the hydraulic system correct oil supply. Using this product, you can know the system oil supply condition in time to avoid major accidents.

Please send us a message if you need to buy these blockers, we also have bollards for sale.

What Type of Conduit Should I Use?

Conduit is the pipe used to enclose and protect the electrical wires that supply power to a home or building. So do you know what types of conduit are available?

Types of conduit

Flexible metal conduit can be easily bent and can pass through walls effortlessly. However, they are not suitable for areas susceptible to moisture due to the lack of a waterproof protective jacket. It is recommended for use indoors in dry areas because it is not liquid-tight. Its flexibility and lighter weight make it easier to install than rigid conduit. It is often used in interior walls, cubicles and office ceilings in houses and office buildings (for connecting power to light fixtures). 

Liquid-tight, flexible, metallic conduit (LFMC) is often covered with a waterproof plastic coating to protect against moisture. Its flexibility allows it to be used in tightly curved areas where it is difficult to install rigid conduit. Typical uses include bridges, underground, paper mills, petrochemical facilities, and water treatment plants.

Liquid-tight, flexible, non-metallic conduit (LFNC) is suitable for use in dry, wet or oily locations. It can be used in indoor or outdoor environments for industrial and commercial applications. Typical uses include in-ground, HVAC installations, swimming pools and spas. 

Rigid PVC and thermoset resin conduit is the lightest conduit material and the least expensive conduit option. It is used to protect electrical wiring from moisture and dirt. It is corrosion resistant, moisture resistant and non-conductive. It is used outdoors and underground. It is commonly used for lawn irrigation control and swimming pools.

What Should I Consider Before Installing Electrical Conduit?

Local Safety Codes

Although the National Electrical Code describes conduit installation under operating conditions, local inspectors may provide guidance to save money and time in installing, inspecting and approving wiring and conduit installations.

Fitting Size

The diameter of the fitting must match the diameter of the selected conduit to provide a secure and leak-free connection.

Time of Use

If the conduit will only be used until the next retrofit project, you can purchase less durable, lower cost conduit and fitting options.

Installation Conditions

Conduits are made from a variety of materials, both metallic and non-metallic, to resist intrusion, corrosion and fluids. Fittings should be equally durable. For liquid-tight conduits, choose liquid-tight fittings with seals and gaskets.

If you have a need to purchase Flexible conduits​, please feel free to contact us.

What are Benefits of Portable Energy Storage

Electricity is the lifeblood of every system, and without batteries businesses, cities and homes would not be able to operate in an efficient and durable manner, causing us to waste energy and cost more while damaging the environment. Using batteries as power and storage components means that technology devices can function on the move. Now, new portable energy storage systems will offset climate change, promote renewable energy, work to decarbonize the economy, and even provide lower costs for businesses and homes, changing lives and technology forever. The biggest feature of portable energy storage is that it is very easy to carry, so it is very popular among customers in outdoor emergency power. Energy storage power supply is mainly used for emergency treatment and to meet the demand of outdoor electricity, which can meet the use of large and small power appliances and solve the problem of outdoor need for electricity.

Portable Energy is Growing in Popularity

To provide on-demand power when connection to the grid is not possible, portable power sources and generators that use battery power are rapidly gaining popularity. Since 2018, the release of clean air strategies has meant that many countries have outlined actions to improve air quality. Coupled with shifting public attitudes and low-emission zones in cities and towns around the world, there is now a demand for portable, clean energy. By 2032, renewable energy will overtake conventional energy as the fastest growing energy source globally. The ambitious policy goal is 100% renewable energy generation. The energy storage market is rapidly evolving to support these goals, and it plays a critical role in helping to achieve these ambitions. At the same time, many vehicles are gradually being introduced with battery capabilities, such as electric golf carts and electric tour buses.

 

Portable Energy Storage Systems

Portable energy storage storage systems differ from portable gas generators in that these systems do not require external fuel, saving cost, weight load and cargo space.

They are indispensable in disaster scenarios. Mobile PV systems can be brought to remote locations or other sites where temporary power is needed. They can be mounted on carts or trailers and towed to where they are needed for powering hospitals and triage shelters, campgrounds, kitchens, or virtually any other facility that requires energy.

Stand-alone systems are a cost-effective alternative to fossil-fueled generators for permanent residential and commercial spaces in remote or rural areas where it may be both expensive and impractical to run wires from a central supply grid.

Stand-alone portable energy storage systems are better suited as a long-term measure in remote areas, providing energy for homes, businesses, telecommunication stations, agricultural equipment, etc. These systems are small but can power communications equipment, computers, medical equipment, mobile lighting, and other important emergency necessities.

We also have other batteries, Truck Flooded Battery, Marine Battery, Start Stop Car Battery​...If you interested in learning more, please contact us.

What is Arch Steel bridge?

  Arch Steel bridge is a bridge that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete. The deck is within the arch, and cables or beams that are in tension suspend the central part of the deck from the arch. We have professional engineering team to design, manufacture and construct the steel briges of this type.

The Arch Steel bridge structure is to convert the vertical load of the deck into a part of the horizontal thrust, and the arch mainly bears the pressure. The arch steel bridge is mainly composed of the superstructure and the substructure. The arch ring of the superstructure is the main load-bearing structure, and the substructure includes the pier, abutment and foundation.

 

Steel Arch Bridge Design

There are many factors that affect the Steel Arch Bridge Design. In general, these factors are related to function, cost, safety, aesthetics, traffic demand capacity, foundation conditions, erection procedure, clearance requirements, and so on. General Steel Arch Bridge Design recommendations focus mainly on the arch-to-span ratio, the arch and deck slenderness, and the number of hangers or piers.

Arch Steel bridge main structure is steel frame,working with others material to finish whole bridge better, such as concrete, limestone, brick.Through professional Steel Arch Bridge Design software, not only can realize customers' requested building, but also can supply the most suitable solution for customers' project. This is the most important step for the beginning, and also is the basic for structure processing and future installation.

 

With many years’ export experiences, our arch steel bridge and Steel Arch Bridge Design have been welcomed in international markets. Welcome contact us.

The key advantages of Optical Bonding

  Finelink Optical bonding has main advantages that: Increased durability, better optical clarity, reduce reflection, increase contrast, better sunlight readability, No condensation or fogging, Zero contamination (dust or dirt), Improved heat dissipation, and so on.

Optical bonding has been around since the 1990s and is a technology that has been adopted by many different industries. It is defined as the permanent joining of two optically transparent materials such as silicone, epoxy, or polyurethane using an adhesive. The result is an airtight seal that protects internal components from dust, water and other contaminants.

Optical bonding has many benefits, including increased durability, improved optical clarity, and reduced reflections. This technology can be used in LCD, touch screen and other display devices. 

One of the main advantages of optical bonding is that it increases the durability of the display. By bonding the display to the touchscreen or protective glass, it creates a stronger, more robust overall structure. This helps protect the display from shocks and other types of damage.

Optical bonding also generally results in better optical clarity. By filling the gap between the case and the rest of the device, it reduces internal reflections and improves overall contrast. This can make the display easier to read in direct sunlight or other high-contrast conditions.

Optical bonding is the first choice for project applications requiring the highest levels of durability, optical clarity and reflectivity, such as transportation and outdoor digital signage.

Finally, optical bonding also helps reduce reflections. By filling the gap between the protective glass and the display, it minimizes the amount of light reflected back to the user. This can make the display easier to use in brightly lit environments. Welcome to visit https://www.finelink-china.com/ 

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ELECTRIC BIKE LCD DISPLAY

 An e-bike display serves an important purpose. Even if the motor is the element that defines an electric bike the most, the E-bike display is an extra feature that underlines the benefits of the integrated technology that distinguishes the machine. The E-bike display monitors the values of all essential parameters that you must be aware of when riding. Most people have only seen an e-bike speedometer. The electricity meter, which shows the instantaneous power output, the pedal assist, the battery capacity, USB charging, and so on, is one example. This article will go over the features and functionalities of E-bike displays.

 

Capacity of the battery

The battery life is displayed at the very top of the screen. Because it is critical in calculating the amount of charge remaining after riding. Riders of electric bikes can use their remaining battery power to assess how far they have cycled. The fading line from left to right indicates battery drain. While cycling, the battery power may fluctuate. To get an accurate assessment of how much power is left, let the electric bike immobile for roughly 30 seconds. Cyclists must pay strict attention to the battery level when riding an e-bike.

 

Odometer

The e-odometer bike indicates the distance traveled in kilometers or miles. It is an important tool for determining a rider's progression. Riders that have their odometer readings displayed on an LCD screen outperform their peers. The e-odometer bike's LCD screen serves to motivate the rider. It allows users to visualize their goals and watch them come to life on the screen. Cyclists use the odometer's journey A and B functions to generate shorter routes. Riders can use this option to separate their sports mileage from their leisure distance. The integrated tracking logging system serves as a useful daily planner.

 

Pedal Assistance

The pedal assist mode on an electric bike makes it easier to utilize the power of the motor rider's pedals and accelerate. When you turn on the motor and select an aid level, it will supply a specific amount of power to the pedals. As a result, a small push can turn into a ride. On electric bikes, there are several pedal aid levels. Some have an 0-4 scale, whereas others do not. By pressing the "+" or "-" buttons, you can enable power assist and change the output of the e-bike motor. Level 0 indicates no aid, Level 1 indicates the least amount of support, and Level 5 indicates the best level of assistance.

 

Levels 1 and 2 are the best possibilities for pushing them a little further or increasing their battery range. Level 3 is appropriate for climbing hills or cruising at approximately 15 mph on level ground. At higher levels, maximum power output is obtained, and bikers may easily reach speeds of 20 mph. Generally, higher levels of pedal assistance result in lower battery life. The advantage of pedal assistance is that it allows riders to choose the level of exercise they want while avoiding traffic.

 

Speedometer

On an LCD panel is a speedometer that measures and displays current and average speed. Riders of electric bikes can view the current, average, and maximum bike speed in kilometers per hour, one-way mileage (km), and total miles by briefly pressing the I button (km). Some e-bikes offer a walking mode that allows users to take it easy without having to stop. This feature reduces the walking rate of the electric bike, making it easier to manage the motion and go over suitable terrain.

 

USB Charging

The USB charging system on electric motorcycles allows users to recharge their electronic devices. Cycling is made more fun by the technical devices that riders bring with them today, such as cell phones, cameras, and music players. As a result, they must be powered. A good USB charging system eliminates the risk of customers' electronics running out of power, which could impair their riding experience.

 

Electricity Meter

The electricity meter, which receives the least attention of all the components on the Ebike LCD, is critical for providing riders with real-time information about their power consumption. It allows you to keep track of the watts consumed at any given time. Riders can use this information to alter the kinetic parameters based on their battery assumptions.

 

Conclusion

Cycling around your neighborhood is a great way to unwind after a long day at work. If your E-bike includes a lot of smart display functions, it will make riding more enjoyable. The E-bike display is required. E-bike speedometers, for example, allow riders to monitor their progress and make informed decisions. We reviewed some of the E-bike display features in this article. Users must become acquainted with the various E-bike display functions, how they operate, and how to change them.

Why choose a wood door?

When selecting the right door for your home, there are many factors that go into the decision, but typically one of the first is whether the door should be wood, fiberglass, or steel.

While it would be no surprise that we feel wood is the best choice for your door, we believe it is important that you understand the "why." And here are just a few of the reasons we believe you won't want to choose anything other than a wood door for your home. 

Each Wood Door is Truly Unique

Personalization throughout the home is becoming a mainstay in design trends. The truth is, homeowners want to add their personal touch to the home because they want it to reflect their personality.

Just like each person is unique, so is each door that is made by Simpson. We don’t have a press that stamps out metal or fiberglass doors. Our wood doors are crafted from different pieces to not only ensure quality construction, but to provide a one-of-kind door. And because wood is a natural resource, no two pieces of wood are alike. This results in a beautiful, natural looking door that is uniquely your own.

     

We Know Wood Doors

A question we often receive from homeowners is whether or not a wood door is strong and can last many years. And because of our history and experience, we can answer them with a resounding “yes.”

We have been manufacturing wood doors​ for years and have never stopped looking for ways to improve their strength and resilience. Anytime you work with a natural resource like wood, there are countless efforts that go into understanding how to best cut it, route it, shape it, glue it, and ensure that it lasts while maintaining its natural beauty.

Many "secret" processes in our manufacturing are specific to a type of wood. As an example, we have a special proprietary process when we glue staves of sapele mahogany. The process is unique to sapele, as the natural make up in the wood requires it. And this is exactly the type of innovation that only occurs with expertise developed over time.

Another consideration is color. Each type of wood has its own natural color and most woods can be stained to achieve a wide variety of different colors. For example, a fairly light wood can be made to look very dark simply by using a dark stain. To ensure you get the exact look you want, consider asking your authorized dealer for a sample of the wood type you are considering and do some stain tests yourself.

With so many options and wood species to choose from, it can be tough to make the right choice. You can easily explore some of the more popular types for wood doors on our website

How do Photocatalytic filters work?

Light is an amazing source of energy. It can give life to plants as well as power our bodies. But did you know that air purifiers equipped with UV filter use light to purify the air we breathe?

Let us tell you how does an air purifier with UV filter work.

​

Photocatalytic filter – The Principle and its working

In a photocatalytic filter, ultraviolet light acts as the prime ingredient to clean the air of impurities with the help of a catalyst, in this case titanium dioxide.

Photocatalytic filter does not trap the pollutants in their original form. They convert the harmful organic contaminants into carbon dioxide and water thereby completely transforming the toxic chemicals. In fact, they eradicate the pollutants.

The ultraviolet radiation has more energy than the standard light, and it is not visible to the human eye. It can produce the right amount of energy required to excite the titanium dioxide molecules to enable the release of electrons to start the oxidation process.

Photocatalytic Filters – Use in air purifiers

Photocatalysis only tackles certain, chemical forms of air pollution and doesn’t solve the problem of particulates (soot and dirt). That’s why Crusaders Air purifier has photocatalytic filters (UV) combined with HEPA filters, UV-activated, titanium-based catalyzers as its multiple filtering technologies to form a comprehensive system that can tackle a whole range of dirt and pollutants.

Here’s a list of series of different cleaning stages Crusaders Air purifiers use at each level to tackle different kind of airborne pollutant, dust and toxic gases:

Primary Washable Filter – Removes large airborne particles such as dust and hair

True HEPA Filter – Eliminates 99.97% of smokes, household dust, pet dander, mold spores, pollen, bacteria and airborne viruses up to 0.1 microns in size

Activated Carbon Filter – Removes formaldehyde, toxic substances and foul odour

Negative Ioniser – Helps recharge the air with fresh negative charge to maintain a feeling of early morning freshness.

TiO2 Photocatalyst Filter – Helps in Oxidising pathogens and harmful gases such as exhaust fumes, volatile organic compounds, and so on.

UV – LED UV-C bulbs help kill bacteria and viruses captured on HEPA even those that escape through HEPA

For latest updates visit our website

Is a Containerized Treatment System Right for You?

  As industrial facilities continually look for ways to reduce capital costs and decrease installation timelines associated with water treatment and other systems, the practice of containerizing equipment has become more prevalent. A containerized system offers many benefits of lower costs than comparable field erected buildings, faster timelines and lower field installation requirements. However, once site building requirements, materials of construction, design life needs and other specifications are considered, the total installed cost and total cost of ownership may not be as attractive as originally considered. A focused evaluation of needs and expectations of treatment equipment and building requirements can help to determine if a containerized treatment system is the best fit for the project.

There are several container systems used in the marketplace today. The most commonly used is industry standard ISO shipping, containers. Available in lengths from 20’ to 53’, shipping containers are comparatively low cost, abundant, easy to transport and rugged. The second most common style is a fabricated steel enclosure, built to specific project dimensions. Although they require longer lead times and are often two to three times more expensive than shipping containers, fabricated enclosures offer the conveniences of a field erected building while still being shop constructed.
A major advantage of any containerized treatment system is that many site design requirements can be incorporated. Shipping containers designed for more complex systems can accommodate modifications for items such as doors, windows, access hatches, connection gland plates, etc, while non-industrial facilities’ (municipalities, parks, schools, etc.) preference of wooden or vinyl building material requests can also be met. Based on treatment needs, modular, skidded type treatment systems like Reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), chemical feed and pumping systems are well suited to be installed in a container. Some of the most common elements of containerized water treatment systems include:

Convenience Lighting and Electrical Receptacles

Additional Man Doors

Noise Insulation

Chemical Storage and Containment

Chemically Resistant Floor and Wall Coatings

Safety Showers

HVAC Systems

Lab Testing Area

Hazardous Location Rated Electrical Equipment

Centralized Electrical & Controls Systems

One of the most significant benefits of any containerized treatment plant is the reduced site installation requirements. Container based treatment systems arrive completely shop fabricated with all interconnecting piping, wiring and testing complete before the system arrives to the jobsite. In many installations, the installing contractor needs to install a sufficiently rated concrete foundation, set the container, connect piping and perform electrical terminations to one enclosure. Installation history has shown that from time of delivery to time of treated water being available can be within a matter of days. In the case of projects involving multiple containers, connecting from container to container can be minimized with effective coordination of the container manufacturer and the installing contractor. 
While the bare container cost may seem low, the added costs related to customization can quickly exceed the initial container cost, possibly increasing the cost above a traditional building installation. Larger treatment operations like clarifiers, dissolved air floatation (DAF), gravity filtration and solids handling equipment may require stackable containers, removable walls and other unique features. Additionally, items like wall paneling, insulation, lighting, electrical and HVAC systems can add tens of thousands of dollars to a containerized system. State and county specific requirements must also be considered in some jurisdictions as fire detection, fire protection, seismic and noise limitations may or may not be able to be maintained with a container based system and may require a field erected building.

In one example, an east coast power plant was evaluating a containerized system compared to a field erected system. In this instance, a containerized system consisting of three, 53-foot long shipping style containers had an associated capital cost of approximately $200,000 once all site requirements were established. With a total finished area of less than 1,300 square feet, this is a relatively high cost compared to a field erected building. However, the containerized system could be designed and assembled in less time than a traditional building allowing site construction resources to be assigned to other projects during this time. In the end, the power plant elected to proceed with a container based treatment system.
As plant’s look beyond the initial installation costs and timelines, they often discover the greatest drawback to a containerized system – maintenance. While a traditional water treatment building allows for overhead piping racks, cable tray, buried piping and standalone electrical equipment, space is the ultimate premium within a container. Simple maintenance activities like sensor calibration, filter replacement and completing operator logs are usually easy to complete with proper equipment routing. Medium complexity activities such as RO membrane replacement, instrument replacement or even filling chemical storage tanks can be difficult with the limited floor space. While replacing pumps and motors can be straightforward with an overhead lift or other means in a traditional building, their replacement in a containerized system can be very challenging. Often, unrelated piping, valves and instruments must be removed to permit access to those items needing repair or replacement.  One way to increase the ease of maintenance activities is to increase the number of containers but again, it becomes a balance between containerization costs and traditional building installation costs.

Multiple industries have installed containerized water treatment systems in recent years, including power, food and beverage, data centers, and chemical production plants. As their use becomes more prevalent and design engineers increasingly request their use, particular attention must be paid to long term operations and maintenance while balancing the construction costs and timelines of the project.

What are graphite electrodes used for?

 80% of the total sales of graphite electrodes are used as conductive materials in electric arc furnace steelmaking. Next, the Dan carbon graphite electrodes will introduce what the graphite electrodes are used for? Uses and properties of graphite electrodes.

1. What is the graphite electrode used for?

Graphite electrode is a conductive electrode used in the electric furnace in the process of steelmaking in a medium-sized electric arc furnace. After passing electricity between the electrode and the charge or between the electrode and the electrode, an arc is generated to heat and smelt the scrap steel, similar to the lightning effect. The main raw materials for the production of graphite electrodes are petroleum coke and needle coke. Coal tar pitch is made as a binder through calcination, kneading, pressing, roasting, impregnation, graphitization and machining. The graphite electrode is divided into a body and a joint, and the joint production process requires three immersion and four bakes. Because the graphite electrode is used to connect each end to the end, and the joint just plays the role of connection, the quality of the joint is higher. Graphite electrodes have low resistivity and can withstand high temperatures in electric arc furnaces, because the melting point of graphite is around 3900 °C, the melting point of scrap steel is 1700 °C, and the temperature in the electric arc furnace is above 3000 °C, so the use of graphite electrodes just meets the requirements. Graphite electrodes are mainly used for steelmaking, but also for smelting yellow phosphorus, industrial silicon, abrasives, etc.

Graphite electrodes are divided into ordinary power, high power and ultra-high power graphite electrodes according to the power used. It is used in accordance with the principle of electric arc furnaces with the same power matching the same power.

Second, the use and performance of graphite electrodes

1. Graphite electrodes are mainly used in electric arc furnace steelmaking

Graphite electrodes for electric furnace steelmaking account for 80% of the total graphite electrodes. It smelts the charge by high-temperature heating generated by the arc between the electrode tip and the charge.

2. For submerged thermal electric furnace

Ore heating furnaces are mainly used to produce ferroalloys, matte, calcium carbide, industrial silicon and yellow phosphorus. The end of the electrode is buried in the charge, and an arc is formed in the charge after electrification, and the heat energy generated from the resistance of the charge is used to heat the charge. Graphite electrodes are required for submerged arc furnaces requiring high current density, which consumes about 100kg of graphite electrodes per 1t of silicon produced, and about 40kg of graphite electrodes per 1t of yellow phosphorus produced.

3. For resistance furnace

Resistance furnaces are graphitization furnaces for the production of graphite products, furnaces for melting glass, and electric furnaces for the production of silicon carbide. The material in the furnace is both a heating resistor and a heating object. Graphite electrodes are usually inserted into the furnace head wall at the end of a resistance furnace for discontinuous consumption.

4. For processing special-shaped graphite products

Graphite electrode blanks can also be used to process various shaped graphite products such as crucibles, molds, utensils, hot die casting molds and vacuum furnace heating elements.

It is worth noting that graphite products after graphitization are used in more and more fields, because graphite products have good strength, conductivity, electrical properties, lubricity, high temperature properties, chemical resistance, heat resistance, high temperature resistance. Thermal exfoliation, electrochemical performance and other characteristics have great potential for development in the fields of physics, materials science, electronic information, computer, aerospace and other fields.

The Purpose of Installing Emergency Lighting in your Workplace

What is Emergency Lighting?

Emergency lighting provides a back-up light source in the event of a power cut, turning itself on automatically or allowing light fittings to remain on. The purpose of emergency lighting is to allow occupants to easily locate the exits to evacuate the building safely. Emergency lighting is designed to illuminate escape routes such as corridors and stairways whilst providing a clear escape route signalled using lights therefore, preventing panic and danger for the occupants.

 

Benefits of Emergency Lighting

● Emergency lighting provides the property with constant lighting, making it safe for people within the premises to evacuate calmly in the case of a fire, even if mains power is affected.

● Businesses can reduce working time or money lost in trying to sort out situations if the mains power does fail.

● If a fire occurs and there is a blackout, emergency lighting will make it easier to leave the building safely and calmly for everyone in the premises.

● Emergency lighting is easy to set up, but proves extremely effective in the case of an emergency

 

The Different Types of Emergency Lighting:

When installing a new emergency lighting system, there are two types of emergency lights; maintained and non-maintained emergency lights. What is the difference between maintained and non-maintained emergency lighting. Because maintained lights are continuously on, they consume more energy. Even non-maintained lights, however, require a steady trickle charge from the mains to keep the backup battery charged. Non-maintained emergency lights, on the other hand, will use less energy during their lifetime.

 

What is Maintained Emergency Lights? 

Maintained emergency lighting is a luminaire in which the emergency light will be lit continuously, even throughout a power shortage. The main purpose is to allow pathways and emergency exits to be illuminated and provide a clear guide for people to exit the building. This type of maintained emergency lighting is more common in cinemas and theatres. The reason is because these areas are usually in darkness, therefore, require a maintained emergency light to illuminate the pathways and exits.

If you're looking for an emergency light for a public place, you'll want to go with well-maintained emergency lighting. This guarantees that all exit points and escape routes are illuminated at all times, which aids evacuation in the event of a power outage.

The most important role of an emergency light​, whether maintained or not, is to provide adequate lighting when the mains supply is disrupted. When this happens, the luminaire switches to emergency illumination mode, drawing power from its backup battery to keep working.

The types of Optical Windows

The optical window is a double-sided parallel plane plate, which does not change the magnification of the system. Optical windows are usually used as a external protective barrier to protect optical detectors, sensors, optical lenses from the light transmission.

Ultraviolet (UV) Windows

When it comes to the use of laser instruments in diverse medical, defense or industrial applications, UV windows are often the weapon of choice.

The standard material is high-purity fused silica, which transmits high percentages of light deep into the UV range below 200nm. UV Fused Silica has high transmission from 180-2,500nm. In addition, you can expect high levels of parallelism, low scattering, low distortion and laser-grade surface quality.

Additional UV coatings or Anti-Reflective (AR) coatings can be used to maximize the transmission properties in this range and can be applied to one or both surfaces.

Visible Windows (VIS)

VIS are a more cost-effective, specific option for use in the small range of visible light from 400-700nm. A UV window would work in similar applications but Optical Glass is a more specific, economical choice. N-BK7 is the material most commonly referred to by the name Optical Glass and features a transmission range of 350-2,000nm.

A VIS window is a common tool for use in imaging/display systems as well as a standard base substrate for use with mirror and filter coatings. Featuring a high index of refraction, high transmission and a high standard of material purity, these windows are often a crucial component in various optical systems. Additionally, N-BK7 has a high degree of stain resistance

 

IR Windows

The extended family of IR windows encompasses the largest and most frequently used assortment of optical windows. You can visit the full family of optical windows on the CLZ Precision Optics website.

Each particular window has its own unique property and transmission profile, which are needed for specialized applications. We will break down why you might be interested in each of these types of windows. Each material features a link which delves into more of the material specifics:

 

Barium Fluoride (BaF2)- features transmission from deep in the UV from 200nm-12μm, BaF2 can be used in multiple setups in the UV, VIS and IR range. Its main properties include resistance to high-energy radiation and its low index of refraction. AR coatings are often not needed.

 

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)- is very similar to BaF2 in terms of its high damage threshold, low index of refraction and low absorption coefficient. CaF2's main standout is its outstanding transmission range of 130nm-9.5μm, which dips even deeper into the UV range and farther out into the IR range than UV Fused Silica. Like BaF2 it is mostly used in laser and cryogenic applications.

 

Germanium (Ge)- Germanium's standout property is its low dispersion, making it top choice for low power CO2 laser applications where a focused beam with minimal scattering is a must. Additionally, with its 2-16μm range, no unwanted radiation from the UV, VIS or even most of the NIR range can interfere with measurements. Germanium also has remarkable chemical properties and is inert to air, water, alkalis and many acids.

 

Potassium Bromide (KBr)- a mainstay in FTIR spectroscopy, KBr is sought after for its gigantic transmission range of 250nm all the way out to 26μm. KBr will withstand high temperatures up to 300ºC and mechanical shocks but care must be taken to avoid moist environments, which degrade the material.

 

Potassium Chloride (KCl)- often used interchangeably with KBr due to its similar transmission properties (210-20μm), KCl might be chosen over KBr due to its high damage thresholds and low index of refraction. Similar to Germanium, KCl is ideal for low-power CO2 laser applications but unlike Germanium, it can be used in the UV, VIS and NIR range.

 

Sapphire (Al2O3)- with a large transmission range of 150nm-4.5µm sapphire is a good generalist but where sapphire truly shines is its material robustness. You can use sapphire in almost any harsh environment and it will take the punishment. From extreme resistance to thermal conductivity, a high dielectric constant and chemical resistance, sapphire will take almost anything thrown at it and ask for seconds. Only behind diamond in terms of material hardness but unlike diamond can be made extremely thin, which further improves transmission.

 

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)- NaCl is the closest to a disposable option you'll find the IR window family. Since the window is essentially table salt, as you may imagine, it is sensitive to water and thermal shocks. With a wavelength range of 250-20μm, its main feature is that it is a cost-effective, wide range FTIR generalist.

 

Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)- The main reason to use a ZnSe window is in a high power Co2 laser system. High resistance to thermal shock, low absorption coefficient and low dispersion properties make it so you can concentrate high energy radiation and bring it to a focused, minimally scattered point through this window. Care must be taken as the material is soft and susceptible to scratches. ZnSe is not recommended for use in harsh environments. Get yourself a sapphire window instead!

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What Are the Difference Between Ni-Cd Batteries and LiFePO4 Batteries

Ni-Cd Batteries vs. LiFePO4 Batteries for Emergency Lighting and Life Safety Products

Advantages (+) & disadvantages (-) & neutral (0) of LiFePO4 and Ni-Cd batteries

 

1. Specific Energy is a measure of the Energy per unit mass. LiFePO4 batteries have a greater energy capacity for a given mass than Ni-Cd batteries, which means LiFePO4 batteries weigh less than Ni-Cd batteries.

2. Energy volume Density is a measure of the Energy per unit volume. LiFePO4 batteries have a greater energy capacity for a given volume than Ni-Cd batteries, which means LiFePO4 batteries are smaller than Ni-Cd batteries. Currently, LiFePO4 batteries have almost twice the energy density than Ni-Cd batteries. This is one of the largest most favorable characteristics of LiFePO4 batteries as compared to Ni-Cd batteries.

3. Specific Power is a measure of the Power per unit mass. It is Power output divided by its mass, typically in units of W/kg. LiFePO4 batteries have a greater Specific Power capacity for a given mass than Ni-Cd batteries.

4. Environmental safety: Ni-Cd battery packs​ contain cadmium, which is a toxic heavy metal. Lithium batteries are environmentally safer as lithium is nonhazardous waste.

5. Fire & explosion safety is not an issue for LiFePO4 batteries. The LiFePO4 batteries are the safest type of Lithium batteries.  UL924 requires that all LiFePO4 batteries meet rigorous UL testing for the individual cell and as a completed battery pack assembly. This UL approval further ensures that LiFePO4 batteries are safe and reliable.

6. Life span: Battery life is measured by number of full charge and discharge cycles, called cycle-life. LiFePO4 batteries have a cycle-life greater than 1000 cycles, while Ni-Cd batteries have a cycle-life of 500 cycles. Either way, cycle-life is not an issue since these batteries spend most of their entire life in charging mode in emergency LED drivers.

7. Capacity over high temperature (25-60 °C). LiFePO4 batteries do not need to be derated for high temperatures, whereas Ni-Cd batteries only achieve 60% of the nominal capacity at 60 °C. LiFePO4 batteries achieve almost 100% of the nominal capacity at 60 °C.

8. Capacity over low temperature (0-25 °C). Both LiFePO4 batteries and Ni-Cd batteries must be derated at 0°C.Ni-Cd batteries only achieve about 80% of their nominal 25 °C charge-discharge capacity, while LiFePO4 batteries only achieve about 70% of their nominal 25 °C charge-discharge capacity.

9. Charge acceptance efficiency is a measure of how efficient the battery can be charged. At 25 °C LiFePO4 batteries achieve 96% efficiency, while Ni-Cd batteries only achieve about 90%.

10. Low Self-discharge. LiFePO4 batteries have a very low self-discharge rate that is half that of Ni-Cd batteries. This means that LiFePO4 batteries retain their charge twice as long as Ni-Cd batteries.

11. Deep discharge recovery. Ni-Cd batteries are a little easier to recover after a deep discharge should that ever be necessary.

12. Battery pack cost. In 2017, LiFePO4 batteries cost about 20% more than Ni-Cd batteries, based on $/Wh. That differential has narrowed some since LiFePO4 battery costs have decreased and Ni-Cd batteries have increased in cost. More importantly, most major Ni-Cd battery manufacturers have stopped manufacturing Ni-Cd batteries due to them being banned world-wide at a faster pace, and the cost of cadmium increasing.

13. Charger & electronics complexity: Ni-Cd batteries can be charged easily with a continuous constant current charger without monitoring their terminal voltage, and without internal circuitry. LiFePO4 batteries must use a smart charger that precisely monitors their terminal voltage to maintain it within safe levels. LiFePO4 batteries require internal circuitry to the battery pack to provide current sharing, overvoltage protection, temperature protection, and fuses for overcurrent protection.

14. Charger & electronics cost: The requirements for a smart charger and internal circuit in the battery pack result in higher Charger & electronics costs for LiFePO4 batteries.

15. Supply chain, future availability: The future availability of Ni-Cd batteries is becoming more volatile as the cost for LiFePO4 batteries decreases, and as the ban on Ni-Cd batteries spreads world-wide.

16. Highest overall value for Emergency Power Packs: LiFePO4 batteries increase the value of the emergency LED Driver. The LiFePO4 battery is a higher valued battery than the Ni-Cd battery. Today, LiFePO4 batteries are the optimum choice for Emergency LED Drivers.