What Are the Main Components of Activated Carbon?

The main components of activated carbon are: carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

Activated carbon is black powder or block, granular, honeycomb shaped amorphous carbon, there are regular crystal carbon.

In addition to carbon, activated carbon also contains two kinds of admixtures: one is chemically bound elements, mainly oxygen and hydrogen. These elements are left in the carbon due to incomplete carbonization, or in the process of activation, foreign non-carbon elements chemically combine with the surface of activated carbon;

The other kind of admixture is ash, which is the inorganic part of activated carbon. Ash is easy to cause secondary pollution in activated carbon. Activated carbon is widely used in production and life because of its strong adsorption.

 

 

How to Make Activated Carbon

The production process of activated carbon, or the activation of carbon, exists in two forms. A carbonaceous source such as wood, coal, peat, or any organic carbonaceous material is carbonized, which means the pure carbon is extracted by a heating method known as pyrolysis. Once the material is carbonized, the material needs to be oxidized or treated with oxygen either by exposure to CO2 or steam or by an acid-base chemical treatment. The sections below will briefly detail these processes.

 

Carbonization

Carbonization is the process of taking a carbon-rich piece of material and converting it to pure carbon through heating. This heating process, called pyrolysis, comes from an ancient technique for making charcoal. Very dense carbonaceous material is used in the beginning, because the result needs to be extra-porous for activated carbon purposes. Carbon-rich material is placed in a small (relative to the amount of material) furnace and cooked at extreme temperatures topping 2000 degrees Celsius. What remains is usually 20-30 percent of the beginning weight and consists of mostly carbon with a small percentage of inorganic ash. This is very similar to “coking,” a method of producing coke from charcoal, a type of carbon-based fuel.

Once the porous form of carbon is produced, it needs to undergo oxidization so it can be adsorbent, or “activated”. This can occur in one of two ways: gas or chemical treatment.

 

Gas Treatment

The activating of carbon can be done directly through heating carbon in a chamber while gas is pumped in. This environment exposes it to oxygen for oxidization purposes. After being oxidized, the active carbon gains its good adsorption characteristics and is ready to collect contaminants in liquid/gaseous applications. For physical gas treatment, the carbonization/pyrolysis process must take place in an inert environment at 600-900 degrees Celsius. Then, an oxygenated gas is pumped into the environment and heated between 900 and 1200 degrees Celsius, causing the oxygen to bond to the carbon's surface.

 

Chemical Treatment

The process of chemical treatment is slightly different from the gas activation of carbon. First, carbonization and chemical activation occur simultaneously in chemical treatment. A bath of acid, base, or other chemicals is prepared, and the material is submerged in this solution. The bath is then heated to temperatures of 450-900 degrees Celsius (much less than the heat needed for gas activation) and left for a specific amount of time. The carbonaceous material is both carbonized and activated at the same time, all at a much quicker rate than with gas activation. However, some heating processes cause trace elements from the bath to adsorb to the carbon, which can result in a more impure or ineffective active carbon.

 

Activated Carbon Regeneration

Soiled activated carbon can be restored to its original adsorptive capacity via regeneration procedures. There are numerous methods of carbon regeneration, but the most common technique is thermal reactivation, where the soiled carbon is dried, heated in an inert atmosphere, and gas treated. About 5-15% of the original weight of the carbon is lost in thermal regeneration, and this process is very energy-intensive; therefore, smaller companies typically send their used carbon to specialized regeneration facilities instead of performing regeneration onsite. There are numerous other regeneration techniques that aim to reduce both the yield loss and energy expenditure of thermal regeneration. These methods include thermal swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, microwave regeneration, chemical regeneration, microbial regeneration, electrochemical regeneration, ultrasonic regeneration, wet air oxidation, and other techniques.

 

Post Treatment Activated Carbon

Following oxidization, activated carbon can be processed for many kinds of uses, with several classifiable different properties. For instance, granular activated carbon (GAC) is a sand-like product with bigger grains than powdered activated carbon (PAC), and each is used for different applications.  Other varieties include impregnated carbon, which adds different elements such as silver and iodine, and polymer-coated carbons. Below, the following section provides a brief overview of the different types of available activated carbon and their beneficial qualities.

Available Types and Uses of Semi-trailers

Trucking accounts for more than 70% of all goods transported in the United States and is the preferred way to transport most goods. Although the truck may be the engine, it is important that the trailer carries the load and it is important to choose a compatible trailer to complete the task at hand.

There are a variety of semi-trailer types to choose from, and depending on your load or freight, one will better suit your needs than the other. Finding the right trailer for your work will have a significant impact on ensuring the success of the project and promoting the safe arrival of goods. Through this guide, you will learn about the most common types of semi-trailers and the use of each type.
 

Drop Deck trailer

Stepped deck trailers, also known as deck trailers, are similar to flat trailers because they are open trailers, but there are some differences. Although the flat trailer has only one floor, the stepped trailer has two decks, called the upper and lower floors.
The upper deck is 10 to 13 feet long and is located above the tractor. The lower deck is 38 to 40 feet long and is only 3 feet above the ground. This lowered deck provides the stepped deck trailer with the ability to pull higher loads.

 

 

Flat trailer

Flat trailers are versatile, so they are some of the most commonly used trailers. The name comes from the fact that flat trailers have a flat deck that opens on all sides and has no roof or boxes to cover the load. This open layout makes it a trailer that is easy to load and unload, but does not protect the goods from weather and road factors. Flat trailers are ideal for transporting wide or large items because you can use a crane to lift the load from above or a forklift from the side.

 

Tanker trailer

Tanker trailers are usually used to transport liquids and are made of aluminum or stainless steel. The tanker trailer is famous for its unique shape, and it is cylindrical for good reason. The tanker is made of a cylinder because it reduces the pressure on the tank itself, provides a lower center of gravity, prevents the liquid from surging, and is easier to extract and clean.

HOWO Oil Tank Truck

 

Low bed trailer

Low trailers are also known as double descending trailers because they have two decks descending, allowing extremely low decks. The first drop is behind the gooseneck tube and the second drop is in front of the wheel. This additional drop-down feature makes low trailers ideal for moving higher devices without a high degree of license.
Another advantage of low trailers is that they can increase their load-bearing capacity by adding extra axles. If you are looking for towing large equipment, such as bulldozers or other construction equipment, then a low trailer may be exactly what you want.

 

 

Dump trailer

The function of the dump trailer is as its name implies: tilt to allow gravity to empty the load. These trailers use hydraulic devices to lift and tilt the platform. Dump trailers are ideal for towing and dumping large fragments for bricks, rock, gravel and other heavy materials. Dump trailers are available in a variety of sizes and capacities, making them ideal for any garbage removal or construction project.

Typical cargo types of dump trailers: construction waste, agricultural materials, recycled goods, etc.

 

HOWO 6X4 Dump Truck

 

SHANGLONG is mainly engaged in SINOTRUK HOWO series products, including dump truck, tractor, concrete mixer, trailer, semi-trailer, oil truck, sprinkler, garbage truck, fire truck and heavy truck accessories. It has its own accessories logistics system and warehouse to ensure the supply of vehicles and accessories.  We can provide our customers with truck cranes, loaders, rollers, graders, excavators, asphalt pavers, generators and concrete equipment. Please send us amessage if you have any questions, we welcome your consultation.

Why You Should Test Your Drone's Motors and Propellers

 In the world of drones, UAVs and eVTOL aircraft, having an optimized motor-propeller configuration not only allows your aircraft to fly, but to perform optimally.

Manufacturers’ data can give you an idea which motors and propellers will work in your design, but testing is not standardized, so it is impossible to compare parts across manufacturers. 

Here are just a few of the reasons why you should test your motors and propellers (expanded below):

•  Increase your flight time	•  Diagnostics
•  Increase your payload	•  Safety
•  Increase your range	•  Certification
•  Noise Level Testing	•  Structure design
•  Vibration testing	•  Quality assurance
•  Reliability	•  Throttle response
•  In flight icing	•  Flight replication
Preventative maintenance	•  Motor thermal testing

Increase Your Flight Time

A major reason for testing your motors and propellers is to increase your drone’s flight time. Increasing your vehicle’s air time will allow you to shoot longer videos, collect more data, maintain visual contact on a target, and fly farther on a single charge. Simple tests and modifications can add precious minutes to your flight time, giving you a competitive advantage over competitors. A great example comes from two mechanical engineering Masters students at the University of Ottawa who were able to more than double the flight time of their reconnaissance helicopter drone by testing various motor-propeller combinations.

Throughout the  testing multiple motor/ propeller process, the students were able to determine that lighter electrical components would perform equally well and found a more efficient motor than the one they were previously using. The result was that they increased their helicopter’s flight time from 3 minutes to 7 minutes without compromising on noise or payload (and they came up with an idea for a greataerospace company). This example goes to show that flight time can be improved through basic modifications to your design that centre around increasing efficiency.

Conclusion

We hope that this article has demonstrated the multitude of benefits that come with testing your drone's propulsion system. We offer several tools that can perform these testing functions and help you take your design to the next level:

LY-10KGF Thrust Stand

LY-30KGF Thrust Stand

WF-CO-30KGF Coaxial Thrust Stand

LY-70KGF Thrust Stand and Dynamometer

Shijiazhuang Runni Trading Co., Ltd

   

Shijiazhuang Runni Trading Co., Ltd was founded in 2014, located in Shijiazhuang city, the capital of Hebei Province, north of China, near Beijing city and Tianjin seaport. Till now we have the Oeko tex -100 , ISO9001,BSCI and SEDEX certifications, more than 50% of our productions are made by recycled quality under GRS standard.


We are specialized in OEM or ODM orders for both kids and adults. Our products lines include：

Functional outwear: ski wear, functional jacket and pant, softshell

Rainwear: PU rainwear, taped seams rainwear

padded jacket: ultralight down jacket and padded fake down jacket

swimwear: swimsuit, swim set, bikini, swim trunk

Casual wear: jacket and pant

Envya Swimwear Wholesale | Runni
Envya Swimwear is a swimwear brand
We are a Swimwear manufacturer in China, providing swimwear design and wholesale to brands in Europe and the U.S. If you want to know more about us, you can submit your email with questions!

RUNNI can produce swimwear for you with any logo and can produce swimwear for you with your brand logo.

With our well trained and experienced staffs and our strict quality control standard, RUNNI aim at offering our good service and almost perfect products at a reasonable price level and on time delivery. RUNNI look forward to cooperate with you.

Wholesale Seersucker Swimsuits
Send any exciting variety of Seersucker Swimsuits designs with pictures and ideas and seek runni's cooperation.

Functional and aesthetically pleasing Seersucker Swimsuits are essential for those who like to swim or play and for those who like to spend relaxing time at the beach. They are available in a variety of sizes and types for men, women and children. These Seersucker Swimsuits are designed with a balance of comfort and style in mind. Stylishly designed, these offer highly modest and more visible variants to suit the tastes and needs of each user.

Seersucker Swimsuits are available in a variety of colors, designs and styles. Some are adorned with metal clasps and trim to add a stylish touch. These Seersucker Swimsuits are made of lightweight and breathable fabrics to ensure a seamless and smooth experience. seersucker Swimsuits suppliers can find the largest variety of styles for you to purchase at attractive prices.

 
Custom Pullover Rain Jackets; Custom Team Rain Jackets ; Long Work Raincoats For Men; Mens Gray Raincoat; Men'S Rainwear Apparel; Mens Folding Raincoat

We are specialized in OEM or ODM orders for both kids and adults. Our products lines include：
Functional outwear: ski wear, functional jacket, and pant, softshell
Rainwear: PU rainwear, taped seams rainwear
padded jacket: ultralight down jacket and padded fake down jacket
swimwear: swimsuit, swim set, bikini, swim trunk
Casual wear: jacket and pant

How to Choose the Right Stainless Steel Wire Mesh for You?

Stainless Steel Wire Mesh

Stainless steel mesh is essentially a series of interconnected alloy steels that are welded together in the form of a mesh or barrier. This type of mesh is known for its high corrosion resistance and is therefore used in various industries.

The steel itself does not have the strongest properties, but rather another element or metal is added to ensure its strength and durability. There are countless types of stainless steel on the market and the distinguishing factors between them are the quality of the alloy and the carbon content it contains.

 

Stainless Steel Twill Dutch Wire Mesh

 

When is a steel classified as stainless steel?

For a steel to be considered stainless, it should have a carbon content in the range of approximately 0.03% to greater than 1.00% and a minimum concentration of chromium of approximately 11% - a mixture of chromium that prevents iron corrosion. The chromium layer not only helps to improve rust resistance, but also helps the metal to repair itself in the presence of oxygen.

 

How is stainless steel mesh made?

Stainless steel mesh can be welded or woven.

Welded method: In this method, the mesh is welded together at each intersection by placing the mesh in a welding machine. It can also be done manually, but this requires a lot of effort and time.

Weaving method: In this method, stainless steel wires are woven together at each intersection of the machine.

The main point here is that while the welding method provides a permanent connection between the metal wires, the weaving method does not permanently connect the wires, making it more flexible and pliable.

 

Stainless steel mesh equipment

 

Explore the many applications of stainless steel wire mesh

The applications for stainless steel wire mesh are virtually endless. Because of its durability, versatility and ability to be used in many different industries, stainless steel wire mesh remains one of our most popular products. From crop protection to highway maintenance, let's take a deeper look at the many applications for stainless steel wire mesh.

 

Food Preparation and Processing

While we are known for our wire products, many of our customers are not aware that we also produce products for high quality wire baskets. While the importance of wire baskets may not be apparent to the average consumer, if you run a food preparation or processing company, the benefits of high quality wire baskets are obvious. Stainless steel wire mesh is also commonly used in the food preparation and processing industry for items such as grills, fry baskets and domed food covers.

 

Oil refineries and oil fields

Stainless steel wire mesh is ideal for use in refineries and oil fields because the process of refining crude oil involves exposure to harsh chemicals and high temperatures that can lead to other forms of metal corrosion. Whether refineries plan to use wire mesh for storage cabinets or oil filtration, stainless steel remains a premium metal for withstanding harsh refinery conditions.

 

Building and Construction

After the Civil War, wire mesh was commonly used to rebuild infrastructure along the country's east coast. Although the construction industry has grown significantly since the Civil War, stainless steel wire mesh continues to be a staple for building and construction companies across the country. Applications for wire mesh in the building and construction industry include, but are not limited to.

● Wall and rock retention

● Bridge and highway maintenance

● Enclosures and safety guards

● Infill panels

 

Agriculture

Wire mesh has been used on farms across the country for centuries. Whether used for crop protection or fence repair, farmers have found seemingly endless uses for wire mesh. Stainless steel wire mesh is commonly used for many agricultural tasks, such as

● Compost bins

● Chicken coops

● Fencing

● Plantation owners

● Pest removal

●Livestock barriers

●Equipment maintenance

●Soil or grain screening

The right choice

Choosing the right material with the right strength and properties will help your engineers and technicians get the best results. Each alloy has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is always beneficial to weigh both when deciding what to use.

Beginning Wire Mesh is a pioneer in the wire mesh industry, and we have a specification to fit every need. Our expertise in the field strongly points to the reasons you should choose them.

How to Install Sheet Piles?

 Sheet piles are used in the construction industry to provide temporary and permanent walls. Sheet piling is used as excavation support and soil retention. It creates a boundary that keeps the soil away from the structure.

 

Principle of working of sheet piles

Usually, the material used to manufacture sheet piles is steel, but sometimes wood and vinyl sheets are used. The concept is to design narrow, interlocking sheets that can be attached and driven into the ground to form walls. Stability and strength are determined by the shape and material of the sheet. Steel is considered the most suitable material if large bending forces and stresses are required.

 

Uses of sheet piling

Temporary walls are used to prevent collapse during construction in confined spaces; to provide protection for workers working in the vicinity of the area.

 

In domestic settings, sheet piles are used as permanent walls because they provide stability and durability to interior walls, especially basement walls.

Sheet piling is also used to prevent flooding from affecting structures close to the shoreline.

Protects foundations from water damage.

Supports excavation of parking structures, basements, foundations, pumping stations, and the construction of weirs, seawalls and bulkheads.

 

U Type Sheet Pile

Advantages of Sheet Piling

Advantages of sheet piling include.

 

It is lightweight and easy to lift and carry.

It is recyclable and reusable.

The length and design of the pile is easily adaptable.

The joint is designed to withstand the high pressures required to drive it into place.

It requires minimal maintenance above and below water.

 

How to Install Sheet Piles?

Panel pile installation is typically accomplished by using one of three key panel pile methods.

 

Panel driving

Panel driving with staggering of sheet piles

Pitch and Drive

 

Z Type Sheet Piles

The choice of sheet piling installation method depends on the prevailing conditions at the construction site and should be based on a thorough soil survey. Traditional piling methods typically use equipment such as vibratory hammers, impact hammers, presses or equipment combinations to install sheet piles and suit individual sites.

 

Panel Driving

With this method of sheet pile installation, sheet pile panels are screwed together prior to pile driving using rigid guide frames or "forms" in which the sheet piles are placed. This helps to achieve verticality in sheet pile walls, especially in very soft soils where tilting can be a problem. It can also help to install longer piles where soil conditions are difficult. This is a more time consuming method of sheet piling than other methods due to threading and handling, but is commonly used in underground parking lots and basements.

 

Panel driving with staggering of sheet piles

This construction method is similar to panel piling, but sees alternating piles interlaced with tip reinforcement and piling, so these reinforced sheet piles are driven deeper than non-reinforced piles. This method of sheet pile driving is useful when soil conditions are compact.

 

Pitch and Drive

This is a popular method of piling construction because it is relatively quick and inexpensive. Individual piles are threaded and installed to their final depth, usually in locations where tilting is not a problem, where the soil is not too compact, and in many cases, where sheet pile installation is temporary. Sheet piles installed by spacing and driving methods are usually short in length. Hydraulic presses can only be used for this one method of sheet pile construction. The pitch and drive method using Giken silent presses can overcome the noise problems associated with this method of sheet pile installation.

The source is from here.

The difference with semi-automatic and full-automatic bottle bagging machine

Recently 20 years, with the increase in industrial production capacity and the labor cost for the global market. The manual and simple repeat work more and more no efficient. In the drink, food, cook oil, dairy products, cosmetics, pesticides and other blowing industry, slowly from the stand-alone operation change to the whole line production, to meet the market demand, the empty bottle bagging machine come out.

 

From the most simple semi-automatic packaging machine, place bag by manual, seal the bag mouth and make pallet also by manual. Until current full-automatic bottle bagging machine, place bag and cut bag, even make pallet automatically. A factory no people or workshop no people can be seen in everywhere. Here we will detailed to analysis of the difference between the semi-automatic packaging machine and the automatic bagging machine.

 

 

Semi-automatic empty bottle packing machine, machine size smaller, need to put bag by manual, the machine is divided into seal bag mouth and non-seal bag two types. There is no requirements for bottle, it can do bigger container like 20-30L, and also can do small size like 20ml. The production will generally not exceed 10,000 bottles per hour. After completing a package of bottles need to be placed on the pallet by manual. Because it is not necessary to put bottles one by one into bag, so it is very valuable for save labor and reduce time. The most important is the price very cheap. If you do not have very big workshop or a big budget for the production, you can choose it.

 

 

Full-automatic empty bottle bagging machine, make on the basis of the semi-automatic bagger to increase the automatic place bag, cut bag function. Some also add the automatic pallet function. Full-automatic bottle packing machine using the roller of plastic bags, so that packing bottles work more efficient, the whole workshop is almost no need people for manual work. Thus to realized a real unmanned operation. Automatic bottle bagging machine is generally better to pack less than 5L bottles, high capacity, the cost of the machine is less, and bottles less than 500ml, the output per hour can be up to 200, 000pcs per hour. The size of the package can be adjusted according to customer requirements, and the finished package very tight and tidiness. Generally the plant area is large, blowing machine capacity high or have a high budget customers more interested in this kind of type of bagging machine.

 

Full-automatic and semi-automatic bagging machine have the same function.That is can be connect with the HDPE, PET PP blow moulding machine, labeling machine and other production equipment, only need small amount of worker can be done at least double or triple same work, saving time and labors, efficiency is very high.